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The list with chromosome numbers and pollen fertility is ordered on base number. Within such a group, the
ordering is alphabetical or - more or less - geographical from West to East. The list is based on Jacobsen (1977), Arends et al.(1982), Petersen (1989) and unpublished data from Jacobsen and Bastmeijer.
base number
x = |
species |
chromosome count
2n = |
pollen fertility range in
% |
distribution |
| unknown |
C. consobrina |
|
|
India |
|
C. decus-silvae |
|
|
W. Malaysia |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| 10 |
C. ideii |
20 |
|
Kalimantan |
|
C. hudoroi |
20 |
90 - 100 |
Kalimantan |
|
C. keei |
20 |
90 - 100 |
Kalimantan, Sarawak |
|
C. striolata |
20 |
|
Kalimantan, Sarawak |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| 11 |
C. ciliata var. ciliata |
22 |
70 - 100 |
India to Papua New Guinea |
| |
C. ciliata var. latifolia |
33 |
10 - 30 |
India to Papua New Guinea |
|
C. spiralis var. spiralis |
33, 66, 88, 110, 132 |
80 - 100 |
India |
|
C. spiralis var. cognatoides |
66/72 |
0 - 10 |
India |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| 14 |
C. cognata |
28 |
90 - 100 |
India |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. beckettii |
28, 42 |
50 - 100, 0 - 10 |
Sri Lanka |
|
C. nevillii |
28 |
|
Sri Lanka |
|
C. parva |
28 |
90 - 100 |
Sri Lanka |
|
C. undulata |
28, 42 |
|
Sri Lanka |
|
C. walkeri |
28, 42 |
|
Sri Lanka |
|
C. wendtii |
28, 42 |
|
Sri Lanka |
|
C. ×willisii |
28 |
|
Sri Lanka |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| 15 |
C. longicauda |
30 |
90 - 100 |
Sumatra, W. Malaysia, Sarawak, Kalimantan |
| |
C. moehlmannii |
30 |
90 - 100 |
Sumatra |
|
C. pontederiifolia |
30 |
80 - 100 |
Sumatra |
|
C. villosa |
30 |
100 |
Sumatra |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 17 |
C. annamica |
34 |
|
Vietnam |
|
C. vietnamensis |
34 |
|
Vietnam |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. scurrilis |
34 |
90 - 100 |
Sumatra |
|
C. bangkaensis |
68 |
30 - 100 |
Sumatra |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. cordata var. cordata |
34 |
20 -100 |
Thailand, W. Malaysia |
|
C. cordata var. diderici |
34? |
|
Sumatra, W. Malaysia (?) |
|
C. cordata var. grabowskii |
68 |
90 - 100 |
Sarawak, Brunei, Kalimantan |
|
C. cordata var. siamensis |
102 |
0 - 10 |
Thailand |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. jacobsenii |
34 |
0 - 10 |
Sumatra, W. Malaysia (?) |
|
C. minima |
34 |
80 - 100 |
Sumatra, W. Malaysia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. affinis |
34 |
10 - 20 |
W. Malaysia, Thailand |
|
C. elliptica |
34 |
|
W. Malaysia |
|
C. ×purpurea nothovar. purpurea |
34 |
0 - 10 |
W. Malaysia |
|
C. ×purpurea nothovar. borneoensis |
51 |
0 - 10 |
Sarawak, Kalimantan |
|
C. edithiae |
51, 68 |
0 - 30 |
Kalimantan |
|
C. griffithii |
34 |
90 - 100 |
W. Malaysia, Singapore, Bintan (ID), Kalimantan |
|
C. nurii |
34 |
90 - 100 |
Sumatra, W. Malaysia |
|
C. schulzei |
34 |
90 - 100 |
Sumatra, W. Malaysia |
|
C. zukalii |
34 |
0 - 10 |
W. Malaysia (?) |
|
C.×timahensis |
54 |
0 - 10 |
Singapore |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. auriculata |
34 |
|
Sarawak |
|
C. bullosa |
34 |
90 - 100 |
Sarawak |
|
C. uenoi |
34 |
|
Sarawak |
|
C. yujii |
34 |
|
Sarawak |
|
C. ferruginea |
34 |
5 - 100 |
Sarawak |
|
C. fusca |
34 |
90 - 100 |
Beliton (ID), Sarawak, Kalimantan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. pallidinervia |
34 |
|
Sarawak, Kalimantan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. noritoi |
34 |
|
Kalimantan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. aponogetifolia |
34 |
|
Philippines |
|
C. coronata |
34 |
90 - 100 |
Philippines |
|
C. pygmaea |
34 |
|
Philippines |
|
C. usteriana |
34 |
90 - 100 |
Philippines |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. dewitii |
34 |
|
Papua New Guinea |
|
C. versteegii |
34 |
90 - 100 |
Papua (ID), Papua New Guinea |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 18 |
C. alba |
36 |
90 - 100 |
Sri Lanka |
|
C. bogneri |
36 |
90 - 100 |
Sri Lanka |
|
C. thwaitesii |
36 |
0 - 100 |
Sri Lanka |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. waseri |
|
90 - 100 |
Sri Lanka |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. albida |
36 |
80 - 100 |
Myanmar, Thailand |
|
C. cruddasiana |
36 |
|
Myanmar |
|
C. sivadasanii |
36 |
|
India |
|
C. retrospiralis |
36, 72 |
|
India |
|
C. crispatula var. balansae |
36 |
90 - 100 |
Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China |
|
C. crispatula var. decus-mekongensis |
36 |
|
Laos |
|
C. crispatula var. crispatula |
36, 54 |
60 - 70 |
Thailand, Laos, Vietnam |
|
C. crispatula var. flaccidifolia |
36 |
|
Thailand, Vietnam, China |
|
C. crispatula var. planifolia |
36 |
|
China |
|
C. crispatula var. tonkinensis |
36 |
|
Thailand, Vietnam |
|
C. crispatula var. yunnanensis |
36 |
|
China, Thailand |
|
C. loeiensis |
36 |
90 - 100 |
Thailand |
|
C. mekongensis |
36, 54 |
|
Thailand, Laos, Cambodia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. lingua |
36 |
90 - 100 |
Sarawak |
|
C. zaidiana |
36 |
|
Sarawak |
More counting is underway
Chromosome counts
When the chromosome number 2n is two fold the base number the plant is a diploid, in the
case 2n is three times the base number the plant is a triploid. And so on. Triploids are often highly sterile (see pollen fertility).
Pollen fertility analysis
In contrast to chromosome counting, pollen analysis is very simple. Pollen from
very old herbarium material, alcohol preserved spathe's and fresh material can be used.
Staining with 'cotton blue' is simple and fast and you need a relative simple microscope.
But you must know what to look for.
Low percentages of stainable pollen indicate that something went wrong in the cell due to
not matching the chromosomes in a right way. Very low figures make the plant sterile and cannot propagate in a sexual way. This may indicate a hybrid origin of the plant. The higher the figure the more close
were the parents.
See also the pictures of chromosomes
Updated July 2012
Literature:
Arends, J.C., Bastmeijer, J.D. & Jacobsen, N., 1982. Chromosome numbers and taxonomy
in Cryptocoryne (Araceae).II. Nord.J.Bot. 2 : 453-463.
Jacobsen, N., 1977. Chromosome
numbers and taxonomy in Cryptocoryne (Araceae). Bot.Notiser 130: 71-87.
Petersen, G., 1989. Cytology and systematics of
Araceae. Nord. J. Bot. 9: 119-166.
Reumer, J.W.F., 1984. Cytotaxonomy and evolution in Cryptocoryne (Araceae). Genetica 65 :
149-158.
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